Statement
Find the smallest x + y + z with integers x > y > z > 0 such that x + y, x y, x + z, x z, y + z, y z are all perfect squares.
Solution
In order to solve this problem, first, we have to express the different equations and then start working with them.
Let's begin expressing the equations:
$x + y = A$
$x - y = B$
$x + z = C$
$x - z = D$
$y + z = E$
$y - z = F$
Now let's begin working with them, we can express:
$x - z = (x + y) - (y + z) \rightarrow D = A - E$
$x + z = (x + y) - (y - z) \rightarrow C = A - F$
$x - y = (x + z) - (y + z) \rightarrow B = C - E$
So, bruteforcing only the values we can obtain possible solutions, but in order to get the values of x, y z we need to solve the linear equation:
$x - z = D$
$x + z = C$
$x - y = B$
which has only one solution, this one:
$x = \frac {D + C} {2}$
$y = -\frac{(2B -D - C)} {2}$
$z = -\frac{D - C} {2}$
From this solution we can see that D+C must be even, so D and C must have the same parity, thus E and F must have the same parity.
from itertools import count, takewhile is_square = lambda x: int(x ** 0.5) ** 2 == x if __name__ == '__main__': for a in count(6): a_2 = a ** 2 for f in (f for f in takewhile(lambda f: f < a, count(4)) if is_square(a_2 - f ** 2)): f_2 = f ** 2 c_2 = a_2 - f_2 setoff = 3 if (f & 1) else 2 for e in (e for e in takewhile(lambda e: e ** 2 < c_2, count(setoff, 2)) if is_square(c_2 - e ** 2) and is_square(a_2 - e ** 2)): e_2 = e ** 2 b_2 = c_2 - e_2 d_2 = a_2 - e_2 z = -(d_2 - c_2) // 2 y = -(-d_2 - c_2 + 2 * b_2) // 2 x = (d_2 + c_2) // 2 print('The result is: (x){0} + (y){1} + (z){2} = {3}'.format(x, y, z, x + y + z)) exit(0)
The Python file is available for download here.